Investigational Drug Service (IDS) Programs. Overview; Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design (BERD) Incentive Based Translational Science (IBTS) Program in Comparative Animal Biology (PICAB) Program in Translational Biomechanics (PTB) Program in Research Ethics (PRE) Centers. Overview; Center for BioMedical Informatics Core (BMIC) Research in the IDM is led by over 34 independent principal investigators in the basic, clinical and public health sciences, and has a strong translational focus. Grant and contract funding is sourced from the US National Institutes of Health, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, The Wellcome Trust, EDCTP, the South African Medical Research Council, the National Research Foundation of South The average quality score at our professional custom essay writing service is out of The high satisfaction rate is set by our Quality Control Department, which checks all papers before submission. The final check includes: Compliance with initial order details. Plagiarism. Proper referencing
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Raphael Perl, Specialist in International Affairs Ronald O’Rourke, Best cv writing service london military to civilian in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division.
CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Order Code RS Updated January 30, Summary On October 12,the U.
Navy destroyer Cole was attacked by a small boat laden with explosives during a brief refueling stop in the harbor of Aden, Yemen. The suicide terrorist attack killed 17 members of the ship’s crew, wounded 39 others, and seriously damaged the ship.
Evidence developed to date suggests that it may have been carried out by Islamic militants with possible connections to the terrorist network led by Usama bin Ladin. The FBI, Defense Department, and Navy launched investigations to determine culpability for the best cv writing service london military to civilian and to review procedures. A broad DoD review of accountability was conducted by a special panel. On January 9,the panel issued its report which avoided assigning blame but found significant shortcomings in security against terrorist attacks, including inadequate training and intelligence.
On January 23,Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman, John Warner, announced intentions for the Committee to hold its own investigation. Issues for Congress include the adequacy of 1 procedures by U. forces to protect against terrorist attacks; 2 intelligence related to potential terrorist attacks; and 3 U. anti-terrorism policy and response. This report will be updated if major new developments warrant. Background On October 12,the U. Navy destroyer Cole 1 was attacked by a small boat laden with explosives during a brief best cv writing service london military to civilian stop in the harbor of Aden, Yemen.
The ship entered service in Relations, best cv writing service london military to civilian, by Alfred B. Washington, seriously damaged the ship. Marine Corps barracks in Beirut in and the Khobar Towers U. military residence in Saudi Arabia in The FBI, in conjunction with Yemeni law-enforcement officials, is leading an investigation to determine who is responsible for the attack.
At least six suspects are in custody in Yemen. Crouch, former Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, and retired Admiral Harold W. Gehman, Jr, former commander-in-chief of U. Joint Forces Command. The panel, in a report released January 9,avoided assigning blame but found significant shortcomings in security throughout the region and recommend improvements in training and intelligence designed to thwart terrorist attacks.
A Navy investigation, best cv writing service london military to civilian, the results of which were released by the Commander of the Atlantic Fleet on January 19,concluded that many of the procedures in the ship’s security plan had not been followed, but that even if they had been followed, the incident could not have been prevented.
Consequently, no single individual should be disciplined for the incident, i. blame must be distributed at a number of administrative levels. Members and staff have also held classified meetings on the attack with Administration officials. Issues for Congress The attack on the Cole raises potential issues for Congress concerning 1 procedures used by the Cole and other U.
forces overseas to protect against terrorist attacks; 2 intelligence collection, analysis, and dissemination as it relates to potential terrorist attacks; and 3 U. anti-terrorism policy and how the U. should respond to this attack. These issues are discussed below. Force-protection procedures. Before it arrived at Aden for its brief refueling stop, the Colelike all visiting U.
ships, was required to file a force-protection plan for the visit. This plan was approved by higher U. military authorities, and was implemented during the ship’s visit. In accordance with the plan, the Cole at the time of the attack was operating under threat condition Bravo, which is a heightened state of readiness against potential terrorist attack. The lowest condition of heightened readiness is Alpha; Bravo is higher; Charlie is higher still, and Delta is the highest.
This threat condition includes steps that are specifically intended to provide protection against attack by small boats. Members of the House and Senate Armed Services committees and other observers have raised several issues concerning the force-protection procedures being used by the Cole and by other U. military forces and bases in the region, including the following:. What were the elements of the Cole ’s force-protection plan and how were these elements determined?
Did the Cole effectively implement all the elements of this plan? If not, why not? If so, does this indicate that the plan was not adequate for defending against this type of attack? Was the force-protection plan, including the use of threat condition Bravo, appropriate in light of the terrorist threat information that was available to military officials in the days leading up to the ship’s visit? Was the ship’s threat condition consistent with the very high threat condition being maintained at that time by the U.
embassy in Yemen? What changes, if any, should be made in best cv writing service london military to civilian policies for ships and other U. military forces and bases overseas, particularly in the Middle East and Persian Gulf region? Given the need for Navy ships to periodically refuel and receive other services from local sources, as well as the potential difficulty of identifying hostile craft in often-crowded harbors, how much can be done to reduce the risk of future attacks like this one?
What can be done to protect against more sophisticated terrorist tactics for attacking ships, such as using midget or personal submarines, scuba divers with limpet mines, or command-detonated harbor mines? Should the Navy reduce its use of ports for refueling stops and instead rely more on at-sea tanker refuelings? How many additional tankers, at what cost, might be needed to implement such a change, and how would this affect the Navy’s ability to use such stops to contribute to U.
engagement with other countries? Intelligence collection, analysis, and dissemination. Members of the Armed Services and Intelligence committees as well as other observers have raised several questions relating to the role of intelligence collection, analysis and dissemination in the Cole attack and in preventing other terrorist attacks against the United States. In some cases, these questions have been spurred by press reports about the existence of information and analyses from the U.
Intelligence Community that, some argue, might have helped prevent the attack had it been given greater consideration or been. Defense Department officials argue that it would be impractical to have enough tankers so that one could always be assigned to combat ships engaged in solitary transits. Since the end of the Cold War, though, the Navy has become more comfortable with the idea of breaking forward-deployed battle groups into small sub-formations, including solitary ships, to take better advantage of the modular flexibility of naval forces for responding to specific needs overseas.
The policy issue might thus be as follows: Are the refueling-related risks created by possiblymore- frequent solitary transits combined with the percent fuel policy properly balanced against the benefits of moving ships in this manner and preserving their projected tactical mobility upon arrival at the intended area of operation? disseminated more quickly. Questions include the following:. Does the United States have sufficient intelligence collection capacity, particularly in best cv writing service london military to civilian form of human intelligence as opposed to intelligence gathering by satellites or other technical meansfor learning about potential terrorist attacks, particularly in the Middle East or Persian Gulf?
Does the attack on the Cole represent a U. intelligence failure, or does it instead reflect the significant challenges of learning about all such attacks soon enough to head them off? In the days and weeks prior to the attack on the Colewas all the available intelligence information about potential terrorist attacks in the Middle East and Persian Gulf given proper weight in U, best cv writing service london military to civilian.
assessments of the terrorist threat in that region? Were reports providing information and analyses of potential terrorist attacks in the region disseminated on a timely basis to U. military and civilian officials in the region who have responsibility for providing advice or making decisions about ship refueling stops or other military operations?
Was there adequate coordination, prior to the attack on the Colebetween the Defense Department [including the National Security Agency], the State Department, and the U. Central Command the regional U. military command for the Middle East and Persian Gulf in sharing and using available intelligence information and analyses on potential terrorist attacks?
What actions, if any, should be taken to improve U. intelligence collection and analysis, particularly as it relates to potential terrorist attacks on U. assets in the Middle East and Persian Gulf or elsewhere? anti-terrorism policy and potential response. Beyond these more specific issues, the attack on the Cole poses several additional potential issues relating to U. anti-terrorism policy in general. Some of these issues highlight dilemmas and concerns inherent in policies designed to prevent or mitigate terrorist acts.
These issues include the following:. Why was Yemen chosen for refueling? Navy ships began making refueling stops in Aden in January Since then, Navy ships have stopped there 27 times to refuel, twice to make port visits, and once to take on supplies. Members of the Armed Services Committees and other observers have asked why the U.
Central Command decided in to begin using Yemen for refueling stops rather than continuing. Pentagon Analyst Resigns Over Ignored Warnings. Washington Times, October 26, A1; Becker, Elizabeth, and Steven Lee Myers.
Pentagon Aide Quits, Warnings Ignored, He Says. New York Times, October 26, ; Suro, best cv writing service london military to civilian, Roberto, and Vernon Loeb. Had Hints Of Possible Attack. Washington Post, October 26, A 32; Gertz, Bill.
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Raphael Perl, Specialist in International Affairs Ronald O Rourke, Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Order Code RS Updated January 30, Summary On October 12, , the U.S. Navy destroyer Cole was attacked by a small boat laden with explosives during a brief refueling stop in the harbor of Research in the IDM is led by over 34 independent principal investigators in the basic, clinical and public health sciences, and has a strong translational focus. Grant and contract funding is sourced from the US National Institutes of Health, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, The Wellcome Trust, EDCTP, the South African Medical Research Council, the National Research Foundation of South The Executive Directors express deep appreciation to the Air Force Civilian Service (AFCS) Talent Management Team and the Campus Liaison Officer for helping continue this partnership. 2. Background. full-time paid positions are available to current college and university sophomores and juniors and graduate students. These positions will
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